Manzhouli Museum.

Walk from the Sino-Russian Golden Street Pedestrian Street to the Manzhouli Museum, passing by Russian-style buildings and crossing the pedestrian bridge over the railway. Time seems to have gone back to the past, and the Manzhouli Museum is located in a Russian-style building not far from the train station. After the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, the Sino-Russian border was established from Kyakhta to the mouth of the Hailar River. In 1734, the Qing government organized the Barga Mongols into eight banners and sent them to guard the borders on both sides of the Urson River. In the 1850s, Buryat Mongols came to the valley where Manzhouli is located today, calling it "Holjin Burak" because of its abundant spring water. Subsequently, the water springs, rivers, mountains, and grasslands in the vicinity were all named after Holjin. The "Overview of Manzhouli City" records: "The Han and Manchu people first set foot here around 1884. A group of merchants from the northern and western provinces came to the region for the first time to trade with the Mongols." Subsequently, the merchants who traveled to Mongolia opened up a trade route to Nerchinsk, Russia. Russia began laying the Chelyabinsk-Vladivostok Railway in 1891. In 1895, Russia sent a large number of engineers and technicians to Northeast China under the guise of tourism and investigation. On June 3, 1896, China and Russia signed the "Treaty of Mutual Assistance between China and Russia," also known as the "Secret Treaty between China and Russia." On August 28 of the following year, the groundbreaking ceremony for the Chinese Eastern Railway (later known as the Chinese Eastern Railway) was held. On November 3, 1901, a joint track-laying ceremony was held near Ugunor Station. In 1907, as a result of the Russo-Japanese War, Manzhouli, along with 16 other towns and cities, including Harbin, were forced to "voluntarily" open their ports to trade. When Manzhouli's commercial port was booming, merchants from Shanxi, Hebei, Inner and Outer Mongolia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and East Asia flocked to the city. By the second decade of the 20th century, the development of railways and commercial ports had led to the rapid growth of hotels, inns, shops, and other consumer places in Manzhouli. The population of Manzhouli soared, and it was once known as the "Cosmopolitan Capital."